For many people, biodegradable vs compostable is not clear, and most people mistakenly think that is biodegradable the same as compostable. Today, the editor will give you a popular science about the difference between biodegradable and compostable.
The simple understanding is: compostable is biodegradable, but the opposite is not true.
Definition of Biodegradable and Compostable
What Does Compostable Meaning
Compostable meaning The material breaks down into natural elements such as carbon dioxide, water, and organic matter under specific composting conditions. Composting requires a controlled environment with the right temperature, humidity, and microbial flora. Materials such as PLA and PHA (polyhydroxyalkanoates) are often labeled as compostable.
What Does Biodegradable Mean
Biodegradable meaning The process by which a material breaks down naturally over time under the influence of microorganisms. These materials can break down in a variety of environments, but the speed and extent of decomposition depends on factors such as temperature, humidity, and the presence of specific microorganisms. Common biodegradable materials include PLA (polylactic acid) and PBAT (polybutylene adipate-terephthalate).
What Is the Difference Between Biodegradable and Compostable
Decomposition Conditions
End Products
Certifications and Standards
Applications
| Question | Biodegradable | Compostable |
|---|---|---|
| Can it be composted in a garden compost pile? | ❌ Not necessarily, may leave toxic residues | ✅ Depends on certification (home compost vs. industrial) |
| Decomposition time? | A few days to hundreds of years | Up to 180 days (industrial composting) |
| Is it environmentally friendly? | Potentially “pseudo-green” (microplastic pollution) | Truly green, but must be properly sorted! |
How to Choose the Right Material
When selecting eco-friendly products, it’s important to understand the labels. Look for certifications like the BPI (Biodegradable Products Institute) logo for compostable materials. Consider the intended use of the product. For example, if you are packaging food, a compostable bag might be the best choice. If you are looking for a more general packaging solution, a biodegradable material could be suitable. Always choose products that are certified and avoid those with vague claims.
1. Before buying: learn to read labels
✅ Give priority to products with clear certification (such as industrial composting logo 🌱, home composting logo 🏠).
❌ Avoid ambiguous labels, such as “100% degradable” (without specifying conditions and time).
2. After use: classification is more important than material!
Compostable garbage → dedicated compost bin (or contact local recycling agency).
Degradable plastic → If there is no processing facility, recycle it as ordinary plastic (but it may pollute the recycling stream!).
Ultimate advice: Reduce disposable items, bringing your own cups and cloth bags is the real way!
Compostable Vs Biodegradable Common Misconceptions
There are several misconceptions about biodegradable and compostable materials. One common myth is that all biodegradable materials are compostable. This is not true. While both types of materials can decompose, compostable materials require specific conditions to break down into compost. Another misconception is that compostable materials will decompose quickly in a landfill. In reality, landfills are not designed to provide the right conditions for composting, so compostable materials may not break down as expected.
