For many people, biodegradable vs compostable is not clear, and most people mistakenly think that is biodegradable the same as compostable. Today, the editor will give you a popular science about the difference between biodegradable and compostable.
The simple understanding is: compostable is biodegradable, but the opposite is not true.
Is Biodegradable the Same as Compostable
No, “biodegradable” and “compostable” are not the same. While both terms relate to the breakdown of materials, they differ significantly in terms of decomposition conditions, timeframes, and environmental impact.
Definition of Biodegradable and Compostable
What Does Compostable Meaning
Compostable meaning The material breaks down into natural elements such as carbon dioxide, water, and organic matter under specific composting conditions. Composting requires a controlled environment with the right temperature, humidity, and microbial flora. Materials such as PLA and PHA (polyhydroxyalkanoates) are often labeled as compostable.
What Does Biodegradable Mean
Biodegradable meaning The process by which a material breaks down naturally over time under the influence of microorganisms. These materials can break down in a variety of environments, but the speed and extent of decomposition depends on factors such as temperature, humidity, and the presence of specific microorganisms. Common biodegradable materials include PLA (polylactic acid) and PBAT (polybutylene adipate-terephthalate).
What Is the Difference Between Biodegradable and Compostable
Decomposition Conditions
Biodegradable materials can break down in natural environments, but the process can vary significantly. For example, a biodegradable plastic bag might decompose faster in a warm, moist environment than in a dry one. In contrast, compostable materials need specific conditions to decompose properly. They are designed to break down in industrial composting facilities, which provide the optimal temperature and microbial environment. Without these conditions, compostable materials may not decompose effectively.
End Products
When biodegradable materials decompose, they typically produce carbon dioxide, water, and some organic residues. However, the quality of these residues can vary. In some cases, biodegradable plastics might leave behind microplastics, which can still harm the environment. Compostable materials, if processed correctly, produce nutrient-rich compost that can be used to improve soil health. This makes them a more sustainable choice for certain applications, such as food packaging.
Certifications and Standards
The lack of a unified standard for biodegradable materials can be confusing. Some products claim to be biodegradable but may not decompose as expected. Compostable materials, however, are subject to strict certifications. For example, the ASTM D6400 standard in the United States and the EN 13432 standard in Europe ensure that compostable materials will break down effectively in industrial composting facilities. Look for these certifications when choosing compostable products.
Applications
Biodegradable materials are often used in single-use packaging and agricultural films. They can be a good alternative to traditional plastics in situations where recycling is not feasible. Compostable materials are ideal for food packaging and organic waste management. They are particularly useful in places with access to industrial composting facilities, as they can contribute to a circular economy by turning waste into valuable compost.
| Question | Biodegradable | Compostable |
|---|---|---|
| Can it be composted in a garden compost pile? | ❌ Not necessarily, may leave toxic residues | ✅ Depends on certification (home compost vs. industrial) |
| Decomposition time? | A few days to hundreds of years | Up to 180 days (industrial composting) |
| Is it environmentally friendly? | Potentially “pseudo-green” (microplastic pollution) | Truly green, but must be properly sorted! |
How to Choose the Right Material
When selecting eco-friendly products, it’s important to understand the labels. Look for certifications like the BPI (Biodegradable Products Institute) logo for compostable materials. Consider the intended use of the product. For example, if you are packaging food, a compostable bag might be the best choice. If you are looking for a more general packaging solution, a biodegradable material could be suitable. Always choose products that are certified and avoid those with vague claims.
1. Before buying: learn to read labels
✅ Give priority to products with clear certification (such as industrial composting logo 🌱, home composting logo 🏠).
❌ Avoid ambiguous labels, such as “100% degradable” (without specifying conditions and time).
2. After use: classification is more important than material!
Compostable garbage → dedicated compost bin (or contact local recycling agency).
Degradable plastic → If there is no processing facility, recycle it as ordinary plastic (but it may pollute the recycling stream!).
Ultimate advice: Reduce disposable items, bringing your own cups and cloth bags is the real way!
Compostable Vs Biodegradable Common Misconceptions
The development of biodegradable and compostable materials is an exciting area of innovation. Scientists are working to create materials that decompose more efficiently and leave behind fewer harmful residues. Governments also have a role to play in regulating these materials and ensuring that they meet high standards. As consumers, we can support sustainable practices by choosing certified products and properly disposing of them.
Biodegradable vs. Compostable: Which Is Better?
Biodegradable Packaging:
- Breaks down naturally over time through microbial activity.
- The term lacks specific standards regarding decomposition timeframes and conditions.
- May leave behind residues or microplastics if not properly managed.
Compostable Packaging:
- Designed to decompose under specific conditions into non-toxic, nutrient-rich compost.
- Meets established standards (e.g., ASTM D6400, EN 13432) ensuring complete breakdown within a defined period.
- Leaves no harmful residues, enriching the soil.
How to Choose the Most Sustainable Packaging
Understand Disposal Infrastructure:
- Ensure access to appropriate composting facilities if opting for compostable packaging.
- Recognize that biodegradable materials may not decompose effectively in landfills.
Check for Certifications:
- Look for certifications like ASTM D6400 or EN 13432 for compostable products.
- Be cautious of vague “biodegradable” claims without certification.
Consider the Product’s Lifecycle:
- Assess the environmental impact from production to disposal.
- Opt for materials that align with your sustainability goals and disposal capabilities.
Educate Consumers:
- Provide clear disposal instructions to ensure proper end-of-life handling.
- Transparency builds trust and promotes environmental responsibility.
Conclusion
Understanding the differences between biodegradable and compostable materials is crucial for making environmentally responsible choices. While both types of materials offer benefits, they are not interchangeable. By knowing the conditions required for decomposition, the end products, and the certifications to look for, you can make better decisions and contribute to a more sustainable future.
FAQ
Are all compostable products biodegradable?
Yes, all compostable products are biodegradable, but not all biodegradable products are compostable. Compostable items meet specific standards ensuring they break down safely and completely under composting conditions, whereas biodegradable items may not fully decompose or could leave harmful residues.
Can biodegradable items be composted?
Not necessarily. While biodegradable items break down over time, they may not meet the stringent requirements for compostability and could contaminate compost if they leave behind toxins or microplastics. Only items certified as compostable should be added to composting systems.
How long does it take for biodegradable and compostable materials to break down?
Compostable materials are designed to decompose within 90 to 180 days under industrial composting conditions. Biodegradable materials have no defined timeframe and can take months to years to break down, depending on environmental factors.
What certifications should I look for in compostable products?
Look for certifications like the Biodegradable Products Institute (BPI) label or compliance with standards such as ASTM D6400 (USA) or EN 13432 (Europe). These certifications indicate that a product meets established criteria for safe and complete compostability.
